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WABUKAN Journal · Cinema · 龍爭虎鬥

Enter the Dragon (1973): the film that got the world training

· 4 min read

Few films changed a sport the way Enter the Dragon changed martial arts. Released in 1973, it was the first martial arts film co-produced by a Hollywood studio, it turned Bruce Lee into a global icon, and it filled dojos and kwoons around the world. Lee never saw the premiere.

Bruce Lee in Enter the Dragon (1973).
Bruce Lee in Enter the Dragon (1973). Author: Warner Bros · Licence: Domínio público / Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

The context

Born in San Francisco in 1940 and raised in Hong Kong, Bruce Lee studied wing chun under Ip Man before moving to the United States in 1959. There he taught, developed his own approach, Jeet Kune Do, and worked in television, but Hollywood offered him only secondary roles. Back in Hong Kong, three films for the Golden Harvest company, The Big Boss (1971), Fist of Fury (1972) and Way of the Dragon (1972), broke box-office records across Asia. Warner Bros. took notice.

The result was a co-production between Warner Bros. and Concord Production, the company Lee had founded with Raymond Chow of Golden Harvest. It was directed by the American Robert Clouse, with a modest budget, usually reported at well under a million dollars, and shot in Hong Kong in early 1973.

The story

Lee, a Shaolin martial artist, is asked to enter a tournament on the private island of Han, a renegade former Shaolin monk suspected of drug trafficking. He has a personal reason too: Han's men were responsible for the death of his sister. On the way he meets two Americans, the gambler Roper (John Saxon) and the confident Williams (Jim Kelly), each with his own reasons for being there.

John Saxon (Roper) and Jim Kelly (Williams) in a scene from the film.
John Saxon (Roper) and Jim Kelly (Williams) in a scene from the film. Author: Unknown author · Licence: Domínio público / Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

The plot is simple, almost a spy film in the style of the period. What matters is everything around it: the tournament fights, the night infiltration of Han's underground complex, the fight in which Lee uses a staff and the nunchaku, and the famous final duel in a hall of mirrors, where Lee must break the reflections to find the real opponent.

The fights

Lee choreographed his own fights. His style on screen was very different from the long, acrobatic sequences of earlier Hong Kong cinema: short exchanges, fast footwork, kicks thrown with precision and an intense expression that became his signature. The camera often lets the action run in wide shots so that viewers can see that the movements are real.

The cast included real martial artists. Jim Kelly was a karate champion; Bolo Yeung, who plays Han's bodyguard, was a bodybuilder and martial artist; Angela Mao, who plays Lee's sister, was already a star of Hong Kong action films. Among the many extras and stuntmen were two young men who would later become famous: Jackie Chan and Sammo Hung.

The film opens with a sparring match at a Shaolin temple, in which Lee faces Sammo Hung. Both fighters wear small open-fingered gloves and combine strikes, throws and a final armlock, a mix that is often mentioned today as a forerunner of the gloves and the all-round fighting later seen in mixed martial arts. In under two minutes, the scene presents the ideas Lee had defended for years: no fixed style, efficiency and adaptation to the opponent.

"Don't think. Feel."

The film also contains a short scene that summarises Lee's thinking. Teaching a young student, he asks for "emotional content", not anger, and says the famous line about the finger pointing at the moon: concentrate on the finger and you will miss "all that heavenly glory". It is a lesson about not confusing the method with the goal, the same idea that guided Lee in creating Jeet Kune Do: keep what is useful, discard what is not.

Six days

On 20 July 1973, Bruce Lee died in Hong Kong at the age of 32. The official cause was cerebral oedema, attributed to a reaction to a painkiller; the circumstances have been discussed ever since. Enter the Dragon opened in Hong Kong six days later, on 26 July, and in the United States in August. Lee did not live to see his greatest success.

The influence

Made for very little money, the film became one of the most profitable of the decade and is estimated to have earned hundreds of millions of dollars over the years. Its impact went far beyond the box office. In many countries, martial arts schools reported a wave of new students, and the image of Lee, shirtless, in a fighting stance, became one of the most reproduced in popular culture. The soundtrack by Lalo Schifrin and the hall of mirrors influenced action cinema for decades.

In 2004 the US Library of Congress selected Enter the Dragon for the National Film Registry, as a work "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant". For martial arts, its legacy is simple: it showed millions of people that these arts existed and were worth learning.

Want to know more about the man behind the film? Read our page on Bruce Lee, our article on Jeet Kune Do, and look for the film in the WABUKAN Cinema.

Timeline

  1. 1971–72The Big Boss, Fist of Fury and Way of the Dragon make Lee a star in Asia.
  2. 1973Shot in Hong Kong, co-produced by Warner Bros. and Concord.
  3. 20/07/1973Bruce Lee dies in Hong Kong, aged 32.
  4. 26/07/1973Hong Kong premiere; US release in August.
  5. 2004Selected for the US National Film Registry.

Related pages on Wabukan

jeet-kune-do wing-chun kung-fu Master: Bruce Lee Master: Ip Man Jeet Kune Do Profile: nunchaku WABUKAN Cinema

Sources

Original WABUKAN text, written from these cross-checked sources (facts, not sentences).

  1. Matthew Polly, Bruce Lee: A Life, Simon & Schuster, 2018
  2. Robert Clouse, The Making of Enter the Dragon, Unique Publications, 1987
  3. Library of Congress — National Film Registry
  4. Wikipedia (EN) — Enter the Dragon

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