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WABUKAN article · 🇫🇷

Savate: French boxing

It is the only combat art fought in shoes — and the shoes are weapons. Savate, or "French boxing", combines the punches of English boxing with the low, precise kicks of 19th-century Paris streets.

From the streets to the salles

In the early 19th century, sailors and working people in Marseille and Paris fought with their feet in a style called chausson; the word savate, meaning "old shoe", was used for street fighting. There were no rules: head-butts, eye gouges and grabs were all allowed. That is exactly what the first teachers wanted to change.

Michel Casseux (1794–1869), known as "le Pisseux", opened the first establishment in 1825 for a regulated version that banned head-butts, eye gouging and grappling. His pupil Charles Lecour (1808–1894) took the next step.

Joseph Charlemont.
Joseph Charlemont. Author: Joseph Charlemont · Licence: Domínio público / Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Lecour meets English boxing

In the 1830s English boxing was fashionable in France. According to tradition, Lecour trained with English boxers and realised that, at close range, their punches were far better than the French ones. He decided to combine the two: savate's kicks and boxing's fists. He was also the first to use boxing gloves in training, so his students could practise punches without hurting their hands. Modern French boxing was born.

Charlemont and codification

Joseph Charlemont gave it the shape of a school, with illustrated treatises, named techniques and his own salle in Paris; his 1877 book on the art of French boxing and the cane became a reference. His son, Charles Charlemont, carried on the work and in 1899 faced the English boxer Jerry Driscoll in a much-discussed bout: the French claimed victory after a round kick to the stomach, but the result was disputed on the English side.

Castérès demonstrates a side kick (BnF).
Castérès demonstrates a side kick (BnF). Author: Agence Rol. Agence photographique (commanditaire) · Licence: Domínio público / Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Techniques

Kicks are delivered with the toe or the sole of the shoe, and the body stays upright, as in fencing. The four basic kicks are the fouetté (round kick with the toe), the chassé (side or front push with the sole), the revers (hooking kick from outside) and the coup de pied bas (low kick to the shin, often combined with a punch). The punches are those of boxing: jab/cross, hook and uppercut. Unlike other kicking arts, knees and shins are not used: only the shod feet.

Prestige and decline

By the end of the 19th century savate was practised by the middle classes and officers, taught as sport and self-defence. In 1924 it was a demonstration sport at the Paris Olympic Games. The two world wars, which killed many practitioners, and the popularity of English boxing nearly made it disappear. In the second half of the 20th century it was rebuilt by a group of teachers, and the French national federation was created in 1965.

French sailors practising savate on a ship (1847 illustration, colourised).
French sailors practising savate on a ship (1847 illustration, colourised). Author: Théophile Gautier · Licence: Domínio público / Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Savate today

Today there are assaut competitions (controlled contact, judged on technique) and combat competitions (with knockouts), for men and women. Fighters wear boxing gloves and dedicated boots. Technical level is shown by glove colours — blue, green, red, white, yellow — and, above them, the silver glove, split into three grades since 1985. Canne de combat, fought with a cane, is a sister discipline born of the same Parisian salle tradition.

Curiosities

The vocabulary comes from fencing: people speak of the "assault" and the "salle", and in assaut the fighter must touch "without hitting". And glove colour does not change at every grading: a fighter may keep the same pair through several promotions.

Family of branches

Simplified chart: many styles have more than one root.

Timeline

  1. 19th c.Street kicking ('chausson') in Paris and Marseille.
  2. 1825Michel Casseux opens the first regulated salle.
  3. 1830sCharles Lecour combines kicks with English boxing.
  4. 1877Joseph Charlemont publishes his treatise.
  5. 1899Charles Charlemont faces Jerry Driscoll.
  6. 1924Demonstration at the Paris Games.
  7. 1965French national federation created.

Related arts on Wabukan

savate canne-de-combat boxing kickboxing

Sources

Original WABUKAN text, written from these cross-checked sources (facts, not sentences).

  1. Wikipedia (EN) — Savate ↗
  2. Wikipedia (EN) — Joseph Charlemont ↗
  3. Wikipedia (EN) — Charles Lecour ↗
  4. Wikipedia (EN) — Canne de combat ↗
  5. Gallica (BnF) — Castérès ↗

Images

Map, timeline and tree: original WABUKAN illustrations.