f iftvsjwyj/j??'; IEM A M SMALL SWORD Fi Ali I V Vy I i5 H A *i K V Tl w ed od e fe CD A s> br T3 CD *W u CD S3 O *s tx CD Q CD bi CD CD Tl S h~ O s-t H CD hn T3 pp CJ T o o U< zz o J V3 PARRIES ON THE RIGHT. GUARDS ON THE LEFT. The same as on the right, only defending the left side. First defending the left cheek: second, defending the right cheek, or neck third defending the left leg, (rear ;) fourth, defending the left leg, (front;) fifth, defending the bridle arm, or horse's hind quarters sixth, defending the bridle rein, or front part of the body seventh, defending the head. PARRIES ON THE LEFT. First, from rear to front with the back of the sword second, from front to rear. Carry sword slope sword. SECOND DIVISION OF PRACTICE Is performed by cuts in succession, and giving points on the same side. The four first cuts and points to be given at infantry the remaining three points and cuts at cavalry. ATTENTION. Carry sword; Guard; Assault; Cut one; Point; Cut two Point Cut three Point Cut four Point Cut five Point Cut six Point Cut seven Point. THIRD DIVISION OF PRACTICE Is performed by cuts in succession, and giving points on the reverse side. ATTENTION. Carry sword; Guard; Assault; Cut one; Point; Cut two Point Cut three Point Cut four Point Cut five Point Cut six Point Cut seven Point. Slope sword stand at ease. Attack. — Cut one, at the left cheek, or neck. Defence. — Form the first guard, defending the left cheek, or neck. Attack. — Cut two, at the right cheek, or neck. Defence. — Form the second guard. Attack. — Cut three, at the front part of the body. Defence. — Form the third guard. Attack. — Cut four, at the haunch, or bowing part of the leg. Defence. — Form the fourth guard. Attack. — Cut five, at the bridle arm, or left side of the body. Defence. — Form the fifth guard. Attack. — Cut six, at the sword arm, or right side of the body. Defence. — Form the sixth guard. Attack. — Cut seven, at the head, downward. Defence. — Come to the seventh guard. O Pi Attack. — First point, to the front, the back of the hand opposite the right cheek, the edge upward, pointing to the front. Defence. — Parry from rear to front, the point upward, the edge to the front. Attack. — Second point place the elbow inside the hip-bone, the edge upward, the point elevated point raise the wrist and lower the point. Defence. — Raise the sword hand high as the brow, the back of the sword to the front parry from front to rear. Attack. — Third point place the heel of the sword hand on the right hip-bone, the point elevated, the edge upward, point;" raise the wrist and lower the point. Defence. — Raise the sword hand high as the brow, the back of the sword to the front parry from front to rear. THE LEFT ATTACK AND LEFT ENGAGE Are the same as the right, only attacking the left side. The guards and parries are the same, only on the left side. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR SWORD EXERCISE. The exercise of the Broad Sword consists of seven Cuts, or directions of the edge the same number of Guards, or defensive positions three Points, or Thrusts, given with the edge up, and with two circular motions of the Blade, termed Parries therefore, whatever may be the Attack or Defence, it can only be formed by having recourse to some of the above movements, or a combination of them. In "engaging" by which is meant the action of joining the sword of an opponent, either previous to his or your own attack, there should be only a slight pressure on his blade, so that the hand, or wrist, may be the more susceptible of any motion he may make and though the position is termed Guard," affords protection at the moment, it is merely considered as preparatory to an offensive or defensive movement, varying the latter according to the points liable to be attacked. In all attacks, whether Cuts or Thrusts, the motion ought to increase in speed, the impetus being at the last the same rule should be observed in stepping out to the Second" and Third Positions," but in recovering, the reverse is to be followed, as the first part is to be the quickest; and nothing can be of more importance than that the eye should follow those of an opponent, and slightly glance at the part at which you intend to cut or thrust — taking care never to look at your own sword, which will invariably follow the eye wherever you direct it. It is merely Drill Practice, making the assault by numbers; and although each cut has its guard, according to the number, which answers for both, yet it does not follow that the file on the defensive is always to have recourse to it, as he may frequently be enabled to secure himself more effectively, and quicker, by forming another guard. If, for example, he makes the Cut Six at the body, and his opponent, after defending by the Sixth Guard, returns the Cut One at the breast, then the Fifth Guard becomes the quickest movement of defence but if the opponent has defined by the Second Guard, previous to his return of the Cut One, then the First Guard is the soonest formed consequently, the First and Fifth Guards each defend the Cuts One or Five. The Second and Sixth Guards each defend the Cuts Two or Six, according as they may be high or low and if the Third or Fourth Guards are required for the defence of the leg, the arm must be extended, so that the force of the blade may receive the foible of the opponent's weapon, bearing well in mind, however, that in all cuts at the leg, when at the proper distance, the shifting of your own leg and delivering a cut at the same moment, becomes the most effective and advantageous defence and which is still more so to a tall man when engaged with another of lesser stature, or length of arm. The power of defence does not, in fact, consist so much in your own strength of position, as in effecting a decided quick movement in that direction in which your opponent has the least power of resistance, especially in defending against the Point, when the First, Third and Fifth Guards are the most effective against the First and Third Point and the Second, Fourth and Sixth Guards against the Second Point provided the wrist is previously so placed that the requisite Guards may be quickly executed. The two last Parries must also be regulated by the position of the opponent's wrist, so that the bearing of your sword may tend to open his hand, and, if well judged and timely given, will disarm him, or so cripple his wrist, as to preclude even the capability of forming a defensive guard, or continuing the attack. If opposed to the Small Sword, have recourse to the Cuts Three and Four, directing them at the arm, by which means there is every probability of the cuts taking effect, as in thrusting, the arm must always come in range of the edge, before the point can be sufficiently advanced to reach the body. If the above cuts are quickly given and continued, they will be found advantageous in advancing against the Small Sword, as they form an attack and defence at the same instant but should the opponent be the most skillful and quickest, then it is best to retire while forming them, cautiously preserving the proper distance, so that each cut may just reach the fore-part of his arm. Thus far the observations are more particularly applicable to the First Part of the Instructions, or when practicing on foot, though they may generally answer for exercise also when mounted and here the greatest attention should be paid to maintain the proper position and balance of the body, from which, by too great an exertion in delivering a Cut or Thrust, the Horseman may suddenly be thrown, and thereby lose the advantage of his skill in the use of the sword, by the natural efforts which he must make to regain his seat nor should he fail to have every confidence and dependence upon his Guard, without trusting to his avoiding an attack of an opponent by turning or drawing back the body to escape from it. In delivering a Thrust, very little force is necessary, when the horse is in a quick motion, as the extension of the arm, with a good direction of the point, will be fully sufficient nor should a Cut, under the same circumstances, be given too strong, as in both cases the impetus of the horse will give the effective force, or in the latter, the drawing of the edge can very frequently be applied with advantage, particularly when the point may not have taken effect, when, by a quick turn of the wrist, the edge is drawn along the face of your opponent, or any part which more immediately comes in contact with it. A similar advantage may be gained after forming a Guard, particularly the Second, with the point of the sword kept well forward. The forcing also of the edge can be resorted to, when very near and closely pressed upon by an adversary, by suddenly extending the arm, and directing the edge across the face, or where the opening is shown in this case, however, the hand should not be carried more than absolutely requisite either to the Right or Left, so as not by too wide a movement, to offer an equal chance to your opponent. Where sufficient space of ground allows of choosing the point of attack, you should endeavour to turn this to your own advantage, if not, at all events to avoid its being made on your Left Rear when change of position will bring you upon an equality with your opponent, either by making a sudden halt, so as to allow him to pass, then pressing upon his Left Rear, or by turning quickly to the left-about, and thereby having your right also opposed to his. Should you be prevented from doing this, and he still keep upon your Left, you must bear up as close as possible to him, otherwise your opposition will be ineffectual for in his situation, by keeping at the proper distance from you, his Cut will reach, when yours cannot, and consequently you are reduced to the defensive alone. In meeting an opponent on the Left Front, turn sharply to the left on your own ground, which brings you immediately with your Sword-arm free, and at liberty to act upon his Left and in meeting him upon the Right-front, press his horse quickly on, by a sharp turn to the Right, gain his Left Rear, or, if pursued, endeavor to keep your adversary on the Right Rear, when the distance will be always in your favor, and you may by the Rear Cut (Sixth, by turning the body well to the Right Rear) and Point, keep checking his advance with impunity. When attacked by more than one, you will naturally endeavor to keep them either on the Right or Left but when they have been enabled to place themselves on both sides, press close upon the left opponent, and keep the right one at a distance. Although a regular mode is laid down for drawing the Sword, yet occasional practice should be given both on Foot and Horseback, to come to the Guard immediately, and at any required point, without going through the Parade Motions, &c, which will prepare the Swordsman for any sudden attack of an enemy. The defence or attack against the Lance, must depend greatly upon the Rider for, admitting that the Lancer is equally well mounted, and skillful in the management of his horse, he will always endeavor to keep at such a distance as to be out of your reach, while he can easily make good his Thrust, from the greater length of the Lance than that of the Sword; and he will very frequently succeed in directing his point at your horse, which, becoming unruly from the pain of a wound, will leave you exposed to the attack of your opponent. You must, therefore, invariably endeavor to gain his Right Rear, when he is less able to attack or defend, as his position, from its being so contracted, becomes weak whereas, if he has the advantage of resting his Lance upon the bridle-arm, he can lengthen or shorten his Thrust with facility and quickness. If engaged on his Left, the object must be to keep out of distance of his Lance, watching the opportunity to close, either by having previously formed a defence, or by bearing the Lance out of the line. In all cases, your horse should be well accustomed to the waving of the Lance, without which, no skill of yours, either in the use of the Sword, or in that of riding, can be of much service to you. When opposed to Infantry, endeavor to meet an opponent on your Right as every Guard parries the point of a sword, so will each defend the point of a bayonet, taking care that the force of your own weapon meets the foible of your opponent's consequently, it is the bayonet which must be struck and supposing the attack to be directed, as usual, with the opponent's left shoulder advanced, those Guards and Parries, which force the point of the bayonet to the front, are, in effect, the most powerful, not from the strength of your mode of defence, but because the bearing acts in such a manner against your opponent as to render him less capable of resisting, or recovering the command of his weapon in time to defend himself or renew the attack. It gives you an opportunity of following with a Cut or Thrust whereas, if you parry to the rear, that advantage is lost, unless you halt, which, of course, affords time to your opponent to take equal advantage of it also. In fact, very little exertion is sufficient to effect a strong parry, if it is made in the direction in which your horse is moving, and from the same cause, all Rear Parries are weak. Still, however, as security is important, recourse must be had to them when they become requisite. In defending on your Left, a parry to the rear will, for the reason before stated, disorder your opponent's position, more than parrying to the front and every following Cut or Thrust must be instantaneous, as, though for the moment you may be able to oppose a bayonet, yet, from your opponent's having the advantage of both hands in the management of it, he may, if confident, guard sufficiently to enable him to fix his point. In advancing against Infantry, the Right Guard, hand high, leads well to the attack, and is ready for defence, or to take advantage of any opening. The instructors should, as much as possible, in their progressive directions to the recruit, impress upon his mind such occasional observations as become most applicable. Opportunities of thus explaining may often be taken during the pauses of rest, as no squad should be kept too long either in positions or movements and when any recruits are more deficient than the rest, the whole should be made to cease for the moment, and only those who are wrong be required to correct their error. BALANCE PRACTICE AND EXTENSION MOTIONS FOR INFANTRY. First Position in Three Motions. One. — Move the hands "smartly to the rear, the left grasping the right arm just above the elbow, and the right supporting the left arm under the elbow. Two* — Make a half face to the left, turning on the heels, so that the back of the left touches the inside of the right heel the head retaining its position to the front. Three. — Bring the right heel in the hollow of the left foot — the right foot pointing to the front shoulders square to the left, and the weight of the body resting on the left leg. Second Position in Tioo Motions. One* — Bend the knees gradually, keeping them as much apart as possible, without raising the heels or changing the erect position of the body. Tivo. — Step out smartly with the right foot about 18 inches in a line with the left heel the weight of the body remaining on the left leg. Balance Motions. One. — Move the right foot about 8 inches to the rear of the left heel, the toe lightly touching the ground, with the heel perpendicular to it, forcing the knees well apart. Two. — Raise the body gradually by the extension of the left leg. Three. — Bend the left knee, resuming the position made previous to the second motion. Four. — Advance the right leg, and with a smart beat of the foot resume the Second Position" from which the balance motions commenced, at First Position" — extending both knees, draw the right heel up to the left. Third Position in Two Motions. One. — Incline the right side to the front, so that the shoulder and knee are perpendicular to the point of the foot. Two. — Step out smartly to the front, about 36 inches, with the knees in a perpendicular position to the instep the left knee and foot kept straight and firm, the heels in a line, the body upright, the shoulders square to the left. Second Extension Motion. One. — Bring the arms to the front of the body, with the hands closed, and the knuckles uppermost, touching each other below the lower button of the waistcoat raise them gradually until the wrists, by bearing inward, touch the breast the elbows being kept up, then by forcing back the shoulders, the hands will be drawn apart, and the motion is completed by sinking the elbows, and smartly extending the fingers in a diagonal line, with the right wrist as high as the head, the shoulders kept down, and the thumb inclined to the right. For beginners, this motion must be divided by giving the word Prepare" the first part; and remaining perfectly steady, when the hands are brought to the breast, ready to separate then give the word One" for the motion to be completed. Two. — Close the right hand, and draw it to the shoulder, at the same time inclining the body forward, until the right elbow rests on the point of the knee, the left arm raising gradually and remaining extended as the body advances, so as to bring the wrist as high as the head, which must be well kept up. Three.— Come to the Third Position." First Balance Motion. — Spring up to the position, as shown in the "First Balance Motion." Three.— Step out to the u Third Position." First Balance Motion. — Spring up as before. Ttoo. — Step out to the Second Position." Single Attack. — Raise the foot and strike smartly on the ground. Double Attack. — Raise the right foot and beat it as before twice on the ground, first with the heel, then with the flat of the foot. Advance. — Move the right foot forward about 6 inches, and place it smartly on the ground then bring up the left foot lightly about the same distance. Single Attack. — As before. Retire.— Move the left foot lightly to the rear about 6 inches, the whole weight and balance of the body still continuing to rest upon it then move the right foot back the same distance, and place it smartly on the ground. ~g Double Attack. — As before. **£ Front. — Draw back the right foot, and resume the wl C| position of Attention" The object of the Spreading Positions and movements^'* *S$ is to give a free and active use of the limbs, preparatory^* to using the Sword. The instructor should prove thd^ £$ firmness of the position, by bearing equally and firmly on the shoulders of the recruit during the changes in forming the Second Position" and Balance Motions and when in the First" of the Second Extension Motions," by taking hold of his right wrist with both hands, and bearing upon it in the direction of the left leg, in the line of which the right arm should be, if properly placed. Three. — Raise the upper part of the body, drawing in the elbow, and, when nearly upright, extend the right arm smartly, and open the hand, thereby resuming the position formed by the "First Motion." Four. — Raise the body by extending the right leg. Five. — Bend the right knee and advance the body, so as to resume the position in the "First Motion." First Position, — Spring up with the arms to the rear, and the heel close to the left, which forms the First Position" as before described. Front. — Come smartly to the position of Attention" bringing the hands and feet, in one motion, to their proper places. In the foregoing instructions the Positions and Movements, preparatory to using the Sword, have been explained, giving a separate word of command for each motion respectively. The same positions may now be gone through, naming only the word of command the position or movement required, and distinguishing it by the numbers One" Two" &c. It is intended by this to practice the recruit in changing from the different positions readily, and without losing his balance, which will almost invariably rest on the left leg. Position by Numbers. One. — Raising the arm to the rear, and the right heel to front, come at once to the "First Position." Tioo. — Come to the "Second Position." Three. Third Position." Two. Second Position." One. "First Position," and making him also, in each position, move the right toe up and down, without its motion affecting the body. In all positions where both knees are bent, the more they are so, the better, as a greater spring and elasticity will be gained in forming quickly any other motion. The body must be generally balanced, and rest upon the left leg, by which means greater flexibility is allowed to the right leg in moving forward to gain distances upon an adversary, or vice versa in retiring from his reach. No precise length can be assigned in moving the right leg to the front in the Third Position," as it depends upon the length of the stride of the person, but should never be beyond what may allow of his return to the First" or Second Position" with quickness and perfect facility to himself. SWORD EXERCISE FOR INFANTRY. SMALL SWORD CUT AND THRUST. Introductory Remarks. The recruit being perfectly instructed in the preparatory movements, may now take the Sword, making him acquainted with the strong and weak parts of it the Forte" (strong) being the half of the blade next the guard Foible" (weak) the half toward the Point. Indeed a knowledge of their distinctions is very material, either in giving or guarding a Cut, as much depends on their proper application. From the guard upward, in opposing the blade of an adversary, the strength decreases in proportion as it approaches the point, and vice versa, it increases from the point downward. The Forte" ought always to gain the Foible" of the opponent's weapon, and the Cuts should be given within 8 inches of the point, that the Sword may clear itself. The Sword should be held flexible and easy in the hand, but yet sufficiently firm to resist the Cut of an adversary, and to give a Cut or Thrust with proper force and precision. The middle knuckles are to be in the direction of the edge in all Cuts and Guards and the grip of the handle should be held by the thumb and fingers around it. SWORD EXERCISE. ^'BjlTg PhM W CO OrH ij £2 Tr rt o By st 8 blad st, or third amc t c! w u o D- Ph -g, bflH 03 CD M o o co s£ CO P" 5a CO Qj fe a GQ O Pi cfl -ctf fc fcic ^j bo CO g S _The "Parry" "Right" and "Left" must be quickly made. Three. — The point to the right rear is to be given, the man keeping his Lance close under his arm he ought to look well back to observe the execution of his Lance. Right Rear Guard. Carry Lance. — One. — The Lance is to be dropped with the butt-end in a perpendicular direction into the bucket, or the right stirrup the right hand as before directed. SECOND DIVISION. Against Infantry. Guard. — One. — From the Carry to the Front Guard. See First Division. Right Parry and Point. — One.— The Lance is to be brought sharply down to the right, in an oblique direction, so as to act against a man dismounted. Two.— The "Parry" Right" and "Left", against Infantry, is to be quickly made, as already observed. Three. — The point is to be given firm in an oblique direction downward, the body a little sunk with, and during the point. Four. — The Lance is quickly withdrawn to the Right Guard against Infantry. Left Parry and Point. — One. — The Lance is to be brought from the "Right Guard," against Infantry, with a sharp motion over the horse's head, to the left, in an oblique direction downward, as before explained to the Ttvo. — The parries left and right to be made short and quick. Three. — The point to be given left, against Infantry. Left Guard, against Infantry. Reverse Lance and Point. — One. — The Lance is to be carried over the horse's head, and raised twelve inches, then the point turned down, with quick motion of the wrist, and bringing thus the point to the rear the Lance under the right arm the butt to the front the right hand, without quitting the Lance, is to be shifted while the Lance is turned round. Two. — The butt of the Lance is to be carried forward, keeping it close to the shoulder. Three. — The point is to be darted to the rear, downward, in an oblique direction, against Infantry the eyes should at all times, particularly to the rear, accompany the points. Port Lance and Rear Point. — One. — The Lance is to be lowered a little from under the arm, and being again turned over with the butt to the rear, the point is to be thrown from the right, over the horse's head, to the left rear of the man, into the left arm which supports the Lance, the back of the right hand upward. Two. — The right hand slides the full extent of the arm, toward the butt. Three. — The point to be darted to the rear, as directed in the motion, Reverse Lance." Four. — The point to be withdrawn smartly to the u Port Lance." Carry Lance. — One. — The Lance is to be brought quickly over the horse's head to the Carry*" THIRD DIVISION. Guard. — One. — As before. Round Parry and Front Point. — One. The Lance is to be brought round smartly, three times back and forward over the horse's head, so that the point of the Lance forms a half circle, to keep off an enemy's attack. Two. — The front point is to be given as before directed. Three. The Lance is to be withdrawn to the Front Guard." Round Parry, Port Lance, and Rear Point. — One. — The "Round Parry," as before directed. The Lance is then to rest on the left arm at the Port, and to be grasped firmly in the centre with the back of the right hand upward, the point to the rear. Two. — The hand slides up toward the butt-end of the Lance, to the full extent of the arm, keeping the point of the Lance horizontally directed to the rear the right shoulder to be well brought up. Three. — The point is to be given to the rear, as before directed, only that this point is, against Cavalry, directed at the horse's head of the pursuing antagonist. Four. — The Lance is to be withdrawn to the Port. Round Parry, Reverse Lance, and Rear Point. — One. — From the Port the Lance is to be again thrown quickly back and forward over the horse's head, thre e times round, forming a half circle. Tivo. — After the third round, the Lance is to be brought as before described in the Second Division, in the Reverse Lance." Three. — The Rear Point is given sharply against Cavalry, as before stated. Reverse. St. George. — One. — From the "Reverse Lance," when the butt is to the front, the Lance is to be taken between the fore and middle finger of the right hand the butt of the Lance then to be moved twice, quickly back and forward, over the horse's head by this motion the right hand gains the power to raise the Lance over the head of the man, then to spin it round in a full circle, twice or thrice, the hand to grasp it, the point to the rear the arm to be extended upward, holding the Lance horizontally, the palm of the hand inward. Guard, and Carry Lance. — One. — The Lance is to be turned in the fingers of the right hand, and, after a moment's pause, brought sharply under the right arm to the Front Guard. Two. — The Lance is to be brought to the Carry, as before directed. FIRST DIVISION. Words of Command. Motions. 1st. Guard, 2(3. Front Parry and Point, 3d. Left Parry and Point, 4th. Right Parry and Point, 5th. Left Rear Parry and Point, 6th. Right Rear Parry and Point, 7th. Carry Lance, SECOND DIVISION. Against Infantry. 1st. Guard. 2d. Right Parry and Point. 3d. Left Parry and Point, 4th. Reverse Lance and Rear Point. 5th. Port Lance and Rear Point, 6th. Cam'- Lance, THIRD DIVISION. 1st. Guard, 2d. Round Parry and Front, give Point, 3d. Round Parry and Port Lance, and Rear Point, 4th. Round Parry, Reverse Lance, and Rear Point, 5th. St. George, 6th. Guard, and Carry Lance. FOR DRAWING PISTOL Right Arm Sling Lance. — From the Carry let the thumb, which is in the sling, go forward into the sling the fingers disengaging from the lance and following the thumb through the sling, the lance will fall back behind the right shoulder the right hand is to rest on the thigh near the hip the right arm to be held in a natural position, and not forced either way. Draw Pistol — The lance being slung, the Pistol may be drawn and the various firings gone through great care and patience are necessary for this practice. Return Pistol. — As usual. Carry Lance. — The lance to be brought forward by a motion of the right elbow, at which time the right hand reversed is to lay hold of the lance and to slide upward, so as to disengage the right arm out of the sling, and to remain at the carry. FOR DRAWING SWORD. Left Arm Sling Lance. — One. — The right arm is to slide down on the lance to the full extent of the arm. Two. — The right hand is to give a firm jerk, and to throw the lance perpendicularly upward, so that the hand be within half a yard of the butt end of the lance. Three. — The right hand is to bring the lance over the bridle hand, and to let the lance slide through the hand downward to a vertical position, so that the butt end enters the bucket on the left stirrup. Four. — Both hands are to be placed near each other, and the right hand to lay quickly hold of the reins the left hand is to take the lance, so that the thumb be in the sling which it enters, the fingers following into the sling, and thus throwing the lance in rear of the left shoulder. Five. — The left hand is to resume the reins, the right hand to be placed on the right thigh. Draw Swords. — After the lance is slung on the left arm the Sword may be used. Return Swords. — As usual. Carry Lance. — One. — The left arm is to give a firm jerk to throw it forward at the same time the hand reversed is to lay hold of the lance, then to slide upward and to disengage the left arm out of the sling; the reins to be in the right hand. Two. — Both hands are to be brought near each other, the left taking the reins, leaving the lance supported by the thumb of the left hand till the right has quitted the reins, and then quickly slides down on the lance under the bridle to the full extent of the arm. Three. — The right hand is to bring the lance out of the bucket with a jerk, throwing up the lance in order to bring it clear over the saddle to the right side the lance is then to slide through the right hand downward into the bucket of the right stirrup, the right hand in a line with the shoulder. Second Point. — One. — From the guard throw the lance full half a yard or more forward in the right hand without advancing the hand from the guard. T\vo. — Give the point as before, and withdraw the lance quickly to its proper balance and guard. Withdraw Lance. — Supposing the antagonist closed in upon the lancer, by learning to withdraw quickly his lance about half a yard or more, and keeping the lance firm under his arm, he will prevent the antagonist from getting in under his lance otherwise it would prove fatal to the lancer. POSITION OF THE LANCE FOR ATTACK IN LINE. On the advance to attack in line, both ranks have their lances carried till the word charge," when the front rank brings down the lance to the front guard, ready to meet the object of attack, and the rear rank continues with the lance at the carry, but loosen it from the bucket. At the halt" the lance is to be brought to the carry. Those men of the front rank who are immediately behind the squadron and troop leaders, must raise the points of their lances when at the front guard," sufficiently to prevent accident. ATTACK AND DEFENCE. To enable the soldier to use his lance to best advantage, in the various ways he may have occasion to defend himself against his antagonist's attack, with the lance or sword, it will be most useful to both men and horses to form them upon a circle, and let the men attack and defend themselves as they feel they have power over their weapons and command over their horses. This manner of attack and defence may be tried both upon the right and left circle with any weapon. Those who are perfect masters of their horses will have a decided advantage over those less so yet, with so long a weapon as the lance, it requires the horse to be particularly well-broken, and the man to be perfect in the management of his horse and weapons. The lancer at all times should try to keep his antagonist as much as possible in his front, or on his right, and at a distance, as the great advantage of the superior length of the weapon is lost as soon as the antagonist is able to close on him. This exercise should at first be tried with blunt lances, and sticks with basket handles. PART THE SECOND. SMALL SWORD EXERCISE OR FENCING. CH AFT1III ! GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. Foils, Masks, Guards of Carte and Tierce, $*c. FOILS, MASKS, &c. The foils should be proportioned to the size of those who use them. Thirty-one inches is the medium for men. It is advisable to use a glove on the hand, padded on the back and the outside of the fingers the masks must have wire fronts stout enough to resist an accidental thrust at the face. An easy dress should be worn, and it is usual, in academies, to have a spot or heart on the left side of the breast of the waistcoat. HOW TO HOLD THE FOIL. The hilt must be flat in your hand, so that the two edges are nearly horizontal when you throw yourself upon guard. Your thumb should be stretched along the upper flat part of the hilt within half an inch of the shell, and the pommel should rest under your wrist. COMMON GUARDS OF CARTE AND TIERCE. Stand in the first position that is, your right foot forward with the heel advanced then throw yourself upon the common guard or carte by advancing your right foot about half a yard from the left. The two heels should be in the same line. Turn your wrist so that the nails may appear upward. Let your hand be on a line with the lower part of your breast, the arm not stretched, but a little bent and the elbow inclined a little to the outside. The point of your foil should be about fifteen degrees elevated, and nearly fixed on a line with the upper part of your adversary's breast. The left arm (which is necessary to balance the body in these movements,) must be raised in a semi-circular manner on a line with the forehead, the hand kept open in an easy manner, the thumb and first finger nearly meeting your body should be sideways, and your head turned toward the right so as to keep sight of your point. Let the balance of your body rest upon the left leg keep the left knee bent and flexible, so that you may incline a little backward the right knee should also be rather bent and perpendicular to the point where your right foot rests. The position of the guard in tierce is similar to that of carte, only the hand must be a little reversed so that the nails may be half turned downward. The arm should be a little stretched outward, in order to secure or cover the outside, and the point should be as in carte. ENGAGING AND DISENGAGING. Engaging in carte, or in tierce, is opposing your adversary's blade, either inside or outside, when you first join or cross blades on guard. Disengaging is performed by dexterously shifting the point of your foil from one side of your adversary's blade to the other that is from carte to tierce or vice- versa. THE ADVANCE AND RETREAT. In order to advance, move the right foot easily forward to the distance of more than a foot, and let the left foot immediately follow at the same distance these two movements must be performed in the same moment. Keep your body firm and steady, while you repeat this five or six times and let there be a short pause between every advance. After making five or six advances, observe if the distance and position of your guard be exactly the same as your distance and position were when you commenced. In the retreat, your left foot makes the first movement backward, and your right follows at the same moment. THE SIMPLE PARADE OF CARTE AND TIERCE. These are distinguished from all the others, on account of their securing the breast, as upper parades. To perform that of Carte, place yourself on the common guard, and throw your hand toward the left, or inward, about six inches from guard, making a gradual turn upward with the wrist, in order to throw off your adversary's blade with the greater ease, at the same time draw your hand a little toward your body, that the opposition may be more powerful the Simple Parade of Tierce is also performed from the common guard, by throwing and stretching your arm obliquely downward to the right, or outwardly, the nails being reversed by the gradual turn of the wrist, in forming the parade. It parries the simple thrust of Carte over the arm and second. The distance of the hand from the common guard should be six inches. The point of your foil, your body and legs, should not deviate from the line of direction, in performing either of these parades. PARADES OF OCTAVE, SIMPLE PARADE, ETC. The Parades of Octave and Semi-circle. To perform the octave parallel, raise the hand as high as your chin, the nails must not be twined up so much as in semi-circle your arm should be well stretched, and thrown outward, the distance of six inches, the wrist should be bent as much as possible, in order that the point may fall on a line with your adversary's flank, making nearly the same angle from guard point as semicircle. Semi-circle parade is useful against thrusts of low carte, seconde, and the disengage and thrust of carte over the arms. Let your body be steadily inclined upon the left side drop your point, with the nails upward, so as to form an angle of nearly 45 degrees with the guard point, at the same time stretch your arm well out, raise the hand as high as your mouth, and throw your arm inward the distance of six inches from the line of direction in your common guard, that your point may appear to the eye in looking to your arm. THE SIMPLE PARADES OF SECONDE AND PRIME. These two parades are not used so frequently as the preceding four. Seconde is very powerful against the simple thrusts of low Carte and Seconde. To perform it from Carte to Tierce, the nails and wrist should be turned downward, the point to be dropped, and the hand opposed outward, as in the parade of octave. The points tract from guard is also nearly the same with the parade in octave, and the inclination of the blade should form the angle of 45 degrees. Prime is performed with the nails turned downward, the hand raised higher than the mouth, and opposed inward in the same manner as semi-circle. The arm should be drawn well in toward the body, and the wrist bent downward, that the point may fall more than in other low parade. THE EXTENSION LOUNGE, THRUSTS OF CARTE, CARTE OVER THE ARM, AND TIERCE. Thrusts are for the most part executed with the lounge, except thrusts of the wrists and thrusts of the extension. They may be performed either after disengaging the point or not. To perform the straight thrust of carte, inside, your point must be directed to your adversary's breast, the arm well raised, and opposed, inside the nails, upward, your body projecting forward, and an extension performed of the right arm and left leg then push from the thrust, in carte, by lounging out to a distance proportionate with your height. Your left arm should be stretched down by the flank, at the distance of two or three inches, and always raised as you recover upon guard, by way of grace, and balanced to your movements. Your body should incline a little forward, the head be raised upright, looking outward over the shoulders, so as to have a full view of the point. As you approach your adversary's breast, make a gradual resistance against his foil, inward, by way of covor to your lounge keep the right knee bent, and in a perpendicular position, with your heel, the left knee and ham stretched, with the foot firmly fixed to the ground. To recover yourself from the requisite ease, lean with some degree of force on the heels of both feet the greatest force is first upon the right, then it falls upon the left by bending the left knee at the same time, and inclining the body backward, you come to guard. The thrust of carte, over the arm, is performed in the same manner as carte inside, by disengaging to tierce, with this difference, that the head is raised upright on the inside, and the hand well opposed, outward, in order to be well covered. The thrust of tierce differs only from carte, over the arm, by reversing the wrist, the hand being well raised and opposed outward. LOW CARTE.— VARIATIONS IN PRACTICE. Low Carte, Octave, JSeconde and Prime Thrusts. Low carte, sometimes called semi-circle thrust, is delivered after forming the parade of semi-circle, in the same manner as simple carte thrust, only the hand and point must be fixed lower. It is an excellent thrust, if your adversary have frequent recourse to his high parades. Octave thrust is delivered after the parade of octave on the flank or belly, the arm being well opposed outward. If you parry your adversary's thrust by octave, your return will naturally be the thrust of octave which may, at the same time, touch him with the extension only, without the lounge. The thrust in seconde is delivered after the parade of the tierce or when engaged by tierce, by dropping your point under your adversary's wrist, with the nails downward lounge and deliver the thrust on the flank. Prime is the natural thrust in return, after having parried your adversary's force, when advanced considerably within his measure, and pressing vigorously upon you. It is only an extension of the arm from the opposition of the parade to your adversary's body, the nails being kept downward. The arm should be well raised, and opposed inward. VARIATIONS AND LESSONS ON ENGAGING AND DIS- ENGAGING, ADVANCING AND RETREATING, SIMPLE PARADES, AND THRUSTS OF CARTE AND TIERCE. Suppose you are engaged ill carte with an adversary, he retreats, you advance, well covered in carte he retreats again, you advance with a disengagement to tierce, and so forth, alternately. Take care that you are properly covered on each engagement his retreat and your advance should be comprehended in the same moment of time in the same manner you may retreat while he advances. On the engagement of carte, your adversary delivers a thrust in carte oppose it by forming your parade in carte, then return the straight thrust thereof. He again thrusts straight in the same manner also throw it off by forming your parade in carte; deliver in return the thrust of carte, over the arm, by disengaging to tierce. On the engagement in tierce he disengages, and thrusts carte inside throw it off by your parade in carte, disengage and thrust carte over the arm he parries and returns in tierce, which you parry by a parade in tierce, and longe home with a straight thrust in tierce. LESSONS AND VARIATIONS. LESSONS AND VARIATIONS, LOW CARTE AND OCTAVE. On the engagement of carte, drop your point and deliver the thrust of low carte. On the same engagement, your adversary thrusts straight home, throw it off by parade in carte, then deliver a return of the thrust in low carte. On the same engagement disengage to tierce, and thrust carte over the arm, he opposes it with his parade and returns a disengaged thrust in carte, which throw off with the parade of carte, then with vivacity drop your point and deliver a thrust in low carte. On the same engagement, disengage to tierce and thrust carte over the arm he opposes it with his parade and returns a disengaged thrust in carte which throw off with the parade of carte; then, with vivacity, drop your point and deliver a thrust in low carte. On the engagement of tierce, your adversary, by disengaging, attempts to deliver a thrust in low carte, throw it off by performing the parade of octave, then make a quick return of the thrust in octave. On the engagement of carte he thrusts low carte, parry it by octave; instantly form your extension fix your point well to his body, and you may almost make sure of touching him. On the engagement of carte, he disengages to tierce and thrusts throw it off by your parade of tierce then reverse your nails upward, and return a thrust in octave. On the same engagement he thrusts low carte oppose it by forming your parades in semi-circle then deliver a thrust in octave, by disengaging over his arm, commonly called a counter disengagement. LESSON AND VARIATIONS IN PRIME AND SECONDE. On the engagement of tierce your adversary advances within his measure, and delivers a thrust in tierce, or carte, over the arm oppose his blade by the parade of prime and return a thrust in prime. On the same engagement, he advances, disengages and forcibly thrusts carte drop your point and parry it with prime then disengage over his arm and return a thrust in seconde. On the engagement of carte, he disengages and thrusts carte over the arm parry it with simple tierce and return a thrust in tierce he advances, as you recover, within his measure, forcing upon your blade form your parade in prime and deliver a quick return of the thrust thereof. On the same engagement, he again disengages and thrusts carte over the arm, which parry with tierce and return the thrust thereof; he forces a thrust, without advancing; parry it with prime, then disengage over the arm and return your thrust in seconde. THE SALUTE, ETC. Place yourself on guard, engage your adversary's blade on the outside, by way of compliment desire him to thrust first at you then drop your point by reversing the nails downward with a circular motion draw your right foot close behind the left, stretching both hams raise your right arm, and with your left hand take off your hat gracefully then make a circular motion with your wrist, with the nails upward, while you advance your right foot forward, forming your proper extension. Your adversary makes the same motions, keeping equal time with yours but instead of forming the extension, he makes a full longe, as if going to thrust carte inside, in order to take his measure, presenting his point at a little distance from your body while you remain uncovered on the extension. When your adversary recovers his position, after having taken his measure, you also recover, by drawing the right foot or heel of the left the right hand well stretched and raised, the nails upward, and the point dropped, the left hand raised in a semi-circular form, as if on guard, your hat held therein with case and gracefulness, the head upright, and the hams stretched. In this attitude salute first in carte, by forming that parade; then salute in tierce, by forming the parade of tierce lastly, make a circular motion with the wrist, by dropping your point in tierce, at that moment putting on your hat, and throwing yourself upon the guard of carte. When it is your turn to push, the salute only differs in one particular from the above, that is, instead of forming the extension, and uncovering the body, you make a full longe from the first position, by placing the right foot or heel close to the heel of the left, and conclude with the other movements. All these motions should be performed with ease, grace, and without precipitation. After performing the salute, and being engaged in carte, your adversary, agreeably to the compliment offered, pushes at your breast by disengaging nimbly to tierce, and thrusting carte over the arm. Observe that the wrist is never reversed when he disengages oppose it by forming the parade of tierce then drop the point, by way of accustoming yourself to make the return in seconde, which may be termed the grace on the parade of tierce. Remain on this grace till your adversary recovers to guard then join his blade in tierce he disengages, by thrusting carte inside throw it off by forming the parade of carte. The grace or ornament to be used after forming this parade, while your adversary is upon the longe, is by allowing the foil to remain flexible in your hand, with the point downward, keeping your hand in the same direction as if covered upon the parade. Your adversary, after pushing tierce and carte, alternately, commences the salute and while he is on the extension, you take the measure by longing in carte. Having joined blades in carte, disengage, and thrust carte over the arm. Again he joins your blade in tierce, disengage nimbly, and thrust carte inside. He opposes in carte then let the blade and point fly loosely over the hand, having hold of your foil between the thumb and two first fingers, by which you will have a view of your adversary through the angle made thereby. This is the grace upon the longe inside. MORE MINUTE INSTRUCTIONS. COUNTER PARADE AND DISENGAGEMENTS. The Counter or Round Parade in Carte and Tierce. The counter parade, in carte, is esteemed one of the most essential, as it baffles a variety of thrusts, throws off the disengagements over the arm, &c. In order to perform it, when your adversary disengages, follow his blade closely, with a small circle, entirely from the motion of the wrist, by which you join his blade always in carte. If he make a thrust with the disengagement, oppose it by gradually covering yourself with the parade of carte, after having followed his blade round. The counter, or round parade, in tierce, is performed in a similar manner to the counter parade of carte, only that the course of the point is reversed. For example, your adversary disengages to carte, with a view to thrust carte inside follow his blade closely, with a small circle made by the motion of the wrist reversed in tierce, stretching your arm, and giving his blade a smart and abrupt throw-off, as you overtake or meet it in tierce. The course of the point in forming the counter in carte is inward, from left to right, and in the counter parade of tierce the contrary. COUNTER DISENGAGEMENTS IN OCTAVE AND SEMI- CIRCLE. The counter disengagements in octave may be performed after your adversary has thrust in seeonde, and you have parried by semi-circle as he recovers, counter disengage and thrust in octave. To give a further exemplification of the counter disengagement in octave, it is also performed by the first making a feint, as if you intended to thrust octave he naturally opposes it by forming his parade in octave then nimbly disengage over his arm to carte inside, and deliver either that thrust, or the thrust of low carte. The counter disengagement in semi-circle is performed on the engagement of carte, when your adversary accustoms himself to take the parade of semi-circle, by first making a feint as if you njeant to thrust low carte, which he attempts to parry with semi-circle, then nimbly disengaging over his arm and delivering your thrust in octave. THE COUNTER DISENGAGEMENTS IN PRIME AND SECONDE. The counter disengagement in prime is seldom used in attacks but being so nearly related to prime parade and thrust, we shall here describe it. It is performed from the engagement of tierce by forcing on your adversary's blade if he take himself to the parade of prime, then nimbly disengaging over his arm and delivering your thrust in seconde. The counter disengagement of seconde may be more frequently used it is performed from the disengagement of carte by dropping your point or making a feint, as if you intended to thrust prime your adversary opposes it by performing the parade of seconde then disengage over his arm and deliver your thrust by longing in prime. LESSONS AND VARIATIONS ON THE COUNTER PA- RADES IN CARTE AND TIERCE AND THE COUNTER DISENGAGEMENTS IN OCTAVE, &c. On the engagement of carte, and thrust carte over the arm your adversary opposes, by forming the counter parade of carte. Upon recovering, he in return disengages and thrusts carte over the arm, opposes it by counter parade in carte, &c. disengaging and parrying alternately, always making complete longes with the thrusts, and moving well to guard while forming the counter parades. Make your movements very slow and exact in the beginning, and gradually quicken them- Exercise on the engagement of tierce in the same manner first by disengaging and thrusting carte inside, which he opposes by forming the counter parade in tierce in return he disengages and thrusts carte inside, which parry with the counter parade in tierce,