✦ Member
← Arsenal

WABUKAN Arsenal · Axes · Europe

Poleaxe

A European polearm of the 14th and 15th centuries with an axe or hammer head, a top spike and a butt spike, made to defeat plate armour.

Poleaxe
Poleaxe WABUKAN illustration

Also known as

poleaxe, pollaxe, poleax; hache d’armes; Mordaxt

Origin and history

The poleaxe arose from the need to breach the plate armour of men-at-arms in the 14th and 15th centuries. Knights and other men-at-arms used it in chivalric duels, in judicial duels and on the battlefield. Its fighting technique is based on quarterstaff fighting: the head hacks, trips, disarms and blocks, both spikes thrust and the shaft itself parries and strikes. It is often confused with the halberd, but its blade is vertical rather than diagonal and the weapon is generally shorter.

Martial arts that use it

HEMA

Construction

A wooden haft some 1.5 to 2 m long, often of ash, with a steel head bearing an axe blade or hammer and a spike, hammer or fluke on the reverse. Long metal strips (langets) riveted along the pole stopped it being cut through, a disc called a rondelle sat below the head, and the butt ended in a spike or shoe.

Basic techniques

Training

Axe training starts with grip, stance and footwork, then the basic cutting lines practised slowly in the air or on a padded target with a wooden or rubber trainer. The hooking and blocking uses of the head and the haft come next, in paired drills at controlled speed.

Safety

Use wooden or rubber trainers for partner work and keep live axes for solo cutting under supervision. Check that the head sits tight on the haft before every session, keep a clear space of at least two weapon lengths and never swing towards people.

Legality (general information)

Swords, knives and other edged weapons are regulated very differently from country to country (and sometimes from region to region): owning one at home is often allowed, while carrying it in public, buying it under a certain age or importing it may be restricted or banned. Practitioners usually transport them cased, out of reach and straight between home and dojo. This is general information, not legal advice: check the law where you live.

Did you know?

Most etymologists read the poll- in poleaxe as an old word for “head”, not as “pole”.

More weapons

Francisca Bardiche Lochaber axe Dane axe Tomahawk Tabar (tabarzin)

Sources

Original WABUKAN text, written from these cross-checked sources (facts, not sentences).

  1. Wikipedia — Poleaxe
  2. Wikipedia — Historical European martial arts